*This article is a guideline only and is not to be construed as medical advice. Always contact your eye care doctor with questions and for treatment options.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare but severe condition that can have devastating consequences on various aspects of health, with vision being particularly vulnerable. Understanding the intricate relationship between Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and vision is crucial for both awareness and proactive management. In this overview, we look at the profound impact of SJS on vision and explore potential long-term consequences.

Vision Threats Posed by Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 

  1. Corneal Damage: One of the most significant threats to vision in individuals with SJS is the potential for corneal damage. The delicate corneal tissue may be affected during the acute and chronic phase of the condition, leading to pain, inflammation, and vision impairment.
  2. Conjunctivitis and Ocular Surface Disease: SJS often manifests as severe conjunctivitis, with inflammation of the mucous membranes in the eyes. Prolonged inflammation can contribute to ocular surface disease, impacting the stability of the tear film and exacerbating dry eyes.
  3. Symblepharon Formation: In some cases, the adhesion of the conjunctiva to the cornea, known as symblepharon formation, can occur. This complication will frequently result in worsened symptoms, put you at risk of further damage to the ocular surface, and may be a sign of progressive disease.

The Role of Medications in Vision Complications

  1. Medication-Induced Eye Damage: Medications implicated in triggering SJS can directly impact the eyes, leading to a range of complications. The inflammatory response triggered by the immune system can affect various eye structures, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera.
  2. Potential for Permanent Vision Loss: Severe cases of SJS can result in permanent vision loss, emphasizing the critical importance of early detection and intervention. Prompt identification and withdrawal of the triggering medications are essential to minimize long-term consequences.

Ongoing Vision Care for SJS Survivors 

  1. Specialized Eye Care: Survivors of SJS require specialized eye care to address ongoing vision challenges. Regular eye examinations by an ophthalmologist experienced in managing SJS-related complications are crucial.
  2. Management of Dry Eyes: Dry eyes, a common aftermath of SJS, can be managed through lubricating eye drops, ointments, and other interventions to alleviate discomfort and maintain corneal health.
  3. Visual Rehabilitation: Vision rehabilitation may be necessary for individuals who experience significant vision loss due to SJS. This may include low vision aids, adaptive technologies, and counseling to help individuals adapt to their altered visual status.
  4. PROSE Treatment: PROSE treatment uses specially designed prosthetic scleral lenses that vault over the corneal surface, creating a reservoir between the cornea and the lens. The reservoir is filled with preservative-free saline to bathe and hydrate the eye all day, providing immediate relief and comfort, and promoting healing. PROSE prosthetic lenses can also provide improved vision. Think of the lens as a “new” cornea, which creates the shape of a typical, healthy cornea. This allows light to enter the eye at the correct angle for improved vision.

Proactive Measures and Support 

  1. Avoiding Triggering Agents: Proactive measures involve avoiding known triggering agents, especially medications associated with SJS. Healthcare professionals must be informed about an individual’s medical history to prevent inadvertent exposure.
  2. Patient Education: Educating individuals about the potential impact of SJS on vision is crucial for fostering proactive engagement in their eye health. Awareness can empower patients to seek prompt medical attention if they experience symptoms indicative of SJS.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome’s impact on vision is profound and underscores the importance of early detection, prompt intervention, and ongoing specialized care. By understanding the potential threats posed by SJS and implementing proactive measures, individuals and healthcare professionals can work together to mitigate the devastating impact on vision and enhance the quality of life for those affected by this rare but severe condition.