*This article is a guideline only and is not to be construed as medical advice. Always contact your eye care doctor with questions and for treatment options.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious medical condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes, often triggered by medications or infections. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options for SJS is crucial for both awareness and timely intervention. Here we delve into the intricacies of SJS to provide valuable insights into its complexities.

Causes of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

  1. Medication Triggers: The majority of SJS cases are triggered by medications, most commonly antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is essential to be aware of potential drug reactions and consult with healthcare professionals about any concerns.
  2. Infections: Infections, particularly viral infections like herpes, can also serve as triggers for SJS. Understanding the importance of addressing infections promptly can contribute to preventing the onset of this severe condition.

Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

  1. Skin Rash and Lesions: One of the hallmark symptoms of SJS is a widespread skin rash that often begins with red or purple spots and progresses to blisters. The skin may peel off, resembling a severe burn.
  2. Mucous Membrane Involvement: SJS affects mucous membranes, leading to painful sores in areas such as the mouth, eyes, genitals, and respiratory tract. This involvement can result in difficulties with eating, breathing, and speaking.
  3. Flu-like Symptoms: Individuals with SJS may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and general malaise. Recognizing these symptoms alongside skin and mucous membrane changes is crucial for early detection.

Treatment Options for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 

  1. Hospitalization and Supportive Care: SJS requires immediate medical attention and often necessitates hospitalization and ICU care. Supportive care, including intravenous fluids, pain management, and careful monitoring, is crucial during the acute phase.
  2. Identification and Withdrawal of Triggering Agents: Identifying and discontinuing use of the triggering medication or addressing the underlying infection is a critical step in SJS. Prompt action can prevent the condition from worsening.
  3. Topical Treatments: Topical treatments, such as cool compresses and soothing ointments, can provide relief for the skin and mucous membranes affected by SJS. These measures aim to minimize discomfort and promote healing.
  4. Immune System Modulators: In some cases, healthcare professionals may use immune system modulators to manage the inflammatory response associated with SJS.
  5. Long-term Care and Rehabilitation: Survivors of SJS may require long-term care and rehabilitation, especially if the condition has resulted in significant skin and mucous membrane damage. Follow-up care is essential to address ongoing medical needs and ensure optimal recovery.
  6. PROSE Treatment: PROSE treatment uses specially designed prosthetic scleral lenses that vault over the corneal surface, creating a reservoir between the cornea and the lens. The reservoir is filled with preservative-free saline to bathe and hydrate the eye all day, providing immediate relief and comfort, and promoting healing. PROSE prosthetic lenses can also provide improved vision. Think of the lens as a “new” cornea, which creates the shape of a typical, healthy cornea. This allows light to enter the eye at the correct angle for improved vision.

While SJS is a rare condition, understanding its causes, recognizing symptoms, and seeking immediate medical attention can make a significant difference in the outcome. If you suspect SJS or experience adverse reactions to medications, consult with healthcare professionals promptly. Awareness and education about SJS are crucial for fostering a proactive approach to this potentially life-threatening condition.